Survey Pilot

Survey pilot refers to the process of carrying out interviews and tests on different components of a survey, including content and protocols. A good pilot provides the research team with important feedback before they start the process of data collection. This feedback can help the research team review and improve instrument design, translations, as well as survey protocols related to interview scheduling, sampling, and geo data.

Read First

• A pilot can be conducted for both field surveys and remote surveys.
• Participants of a survey pilot include the research team, interviewers, and respondents.
• Note that a pilot is different from the practice survey that all enumerators do at the end of their training.
• Conduct the pilot before enumerator training.
• Conduct the pilot before moving on to questionnaire programming. Repeated programming is time-consuming and can create bugs, by shifting the order of questions for example.

Stages of a Survey Pilot

A complete survey pilot is conducted over three stages- pre-pilot, content-focused pilot, and data-focused pilot. The table below discusses these stages in more detail.

	Stage 1 : Pre-Pilot	Stage 2 : Content-focused Pilot	Stage 3 : Data-focused Pilot
Objective	Answer broad questions about qualitative factors like survey design and the context for conducting the study. Discuss these with the concerned teams.	Refine the order and wording of specific questions, the overall structure of the questionnaire, and translations. Check that the answer choices are complete, that is, they cover all possibilities. Check how long it takes to answer the questions. Also check how answers differ between respondents (response variance)	Check if the programmed instrument displays questions in the correct order, and follows the correct patterns (such as a group of questions which will always appear together, or will repeat). Load a sample data set (based on pilot interviews). Check if the data set has any missing fields. Perform all data quality checks, like back checks and high frequency checks.
Status of survey instrument	Early, printable version of the draft, and notes for further discussion.	A translated, printable draft. Ready to be programmed.	A translated, programmed, final draft. Ready for starting data collection.
Mode	Pen-and-paper	Pen-and-paper	Tablet/phone

Are all 3 stages necessary for every survey?
Not necessarily.

• If your survey is a brand new survey instrument, always start with Stage 1, Pre-Pilot.
• If your survey is an adaptation of a well-designed questionnaire from a reliable source in the same country, then you may start with Stage 2, Content-focused pilot.
  If your survey is an adaptation of a survey instrument from a previous data collection for the same project, but significant revisions or additions have been made, then again, start with Stage 2, Content-focused piloting.
• Only in cases where you are piloting a follow-up survey with no major changes from the baseline is it appropriate to skip directly to Stage 3, Data-focused pilot.

Pen-and-paper pilots for CAPI

Pen-and-paper pilots are recommended even for CAPI surveys, due to their flexibility in recording answers and qualitative observations. Pen-and-paper pilots are especially useful for:

• Recording open-ended responses (critical for a pilot) more quickly / easily.
• Drawing lines and arrows between questions to suggest restructuring.
• Recording observations and feedback in the margins.
• Making notes of questionnaire wording or translation problems directly in the text.

Timelines

Piloting should start 4-6 months before survey launch, the sooner the better. Do not confuse the pilot with field testing during the enumerator training. It typically involves making significant changes to the survey instrument and/or protocols – and should therefore always be made before enumerator training starts. See timeline of survey pilot for details.

Purpose

A comprehensive pilot should test questionnaire content, questionnaire programming , and all survey protocols.

Participants

Typically, survey pilots are done before the survey firm is on-board. The Field Coordinator plays a central role. Ideally other research team members (e.g. the Principal Investigator) should also participate. For details, see survey pilot participants.

Structure

The success of a pilot often depends on logistics. See guidelines on effectively structuring a survey pilot. You should develop a clear pilot protocol for each stage and share with the research team for approval in advance.

Guidelines

• Throughout the questionnaire design process, and discussion with the research team, take notes of what needs to be part of the pilot.
• Take careful notes during the pilot. These deliberations and clarifications will be an important part of the enumerator manual, and discussions at training sessions.
• Do a data-focused pilot for your back-check questionnaire.
• Hire a local "mobilizer" to coordinate with respondents.
• Mobilizers explain the purpose behind conducting the survey and facilitate the process of obtaining consent, particularly in urban areas or settings in which people are particularly busy. This can improve the outcomes of piloting, for instance, by reducing down-time between surveys.(This may not always be consistent with piloting sampling protocols)

DIME Analytics has also created the following checklists to assist researchers and enumerators in preparing for, and implementing a pilot:

• Checklist: Preparing for a survey pilot
• Checklist: Refining questionnaire content
• Checklist: Refining questionnaire data

Related Pages

This article is part of the topic Primary Data Collection

Additional Resources

• DIME Analytics’ guidelines on piloting surveys

LSMS e-Learning course on questionnaire design & piloting: http://lsms.adeptanalytics.org/course/Home_eng.html [Requires Flash Plug-in]