Research Ethics

Research ethics make up the first pillar of the DIME Research Standards compiled by DIME Analytics. Impact evaluations often directly involve human subjects, and the research team often collects sensitive or personal identifiable information (PII). There are several ethical concerns related to handling personal data, and publishing results from a field study. The research team must ensure complete confidentiality of respondents, and ensure that respondents are providing informed consent, which they can withdraw at any time.

Read First

• DIME Research Ethics Standards, compiled by DIME Analytics.
• Protecting human research subjects and informed consent.
• IRB approvals.
• The impact evaluation team (or research team) must get an ethics approval from an institutional review board (IRB), and an appropriate authority in the study location.
• All members of the research team who handle personally identifiable information (PII) must have up-to-date Human Subjects Research Certification.

Guidelines

• The research team should also set out the ways in which they will maintain ethical research in the pre-analysis plan.

• This page outlines guidelines for ethical research before, during, and after data collection.

Ethics Before Data Collection

Any research that involves economic intervention or data collection on specific individuals is almost certainly subject to human subjects ethics rules, including pre-approval by an institutional review board, as well as a human subjects education certificate from the NIH or other body for each researcher or assistant handling implementation or data.

In practice, ethics rules may or may not require informed consent from individual research participants, depending on the design and purpose of the study. For example, an IRB may grant approval to collect administrative data or health care provider data for public health reasons, given written consent from the appropriate government ministry or office. Similarly, when the information to be collected is not especially sensitive and affirmative consent might endanger the feasibility of the study, individualized consent may be possible to waive.

Ethics During Data Collection

Whether or not individualized informed consent is required, research that involves the collection of sensitive information – including but not limited to names, addresses, mobile phone numbers, bank or credit accounts, or location information – should be handled from collection to publication in a way that ensures the privacy of research participants. This means using appropriately secure electronic methods to collect and store data, appropriate data encryption on devices like laptops or hard drives, and anonymization of data before any public release.

Ethics After Data Collection

Once common concern in research is the possibility of manipulating results. Political factors, publication bias and other circumstances may pressure researchers to target findings, for example through P-hacking and selective reporting. To avoid this concern, researchers often choose to develop pre-analysis plans and pre-register studies. Sharing data and codes improves research reproducibility.

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This article is a part of the topic Research Ethics.

Additional Resources

• DIME Analytics’ Research Ethics & Data Security
• Martin Ravallion's Taking Ethical Validity Seriously on the World Bank Development Impact blog and Berk Ozler's response
• Berk Ozler's Research with adolescents: issues surrounding consent on the World Bank Development Impact blog