Research Ethics

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Impact evaluation teams (or research teams) often work with, or have access to, datasets that contain sensitive or personal identifiable information (PII) on individuals. They can either have direct access - for instance, through a field survey, or indirect access to this data - for instance, in the form of call data records (CDR). In both cases, research ethics are important to ensure that research teams act responsibly. Broadly, ethical research means that research teams must obtain necessary ethics approvals, protect rights of human subjects, and obtain informed consent. Research ethics ensure that that steps taken to reach the outcomes of a study are just as important as the outcomes themselves, and help improve the validity of results of a study.

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Protect Rights of Individuals

All members of the research team who handle personally identifiable information must have up-to-date human research subjects certification. Two common courses that research team members can take to get certified are:

Ethics Approvals

Institutional review boards (IRBs) are organizations that review and monitor research studies to protect the rights of human subjects. The research team must seek IRB approval for all studies that use personally identifiable information about individuals. This is a powerful tool to ensure ethical research because IRBs can deny research teams the right to use data if the research teams did not follow proper guidelines to access the data.

Note: Keep the following points in mind with respect to ethics approvals:

  • It does not matter whether the research team collected the data directly, or indirectly. For example, consider a study that uses mobile phone location data to assess effectiveness of stay-at-home orders during COVID-19. In this case, the research team does not directly collect this data, but gets access to it through the mobile carrier. However, since this dataset contains sensitive information like names, phone numbers, and location of individuals, the research team must obtain an IRB approval.
  • In addition to IRB approvals, the research team should also obtain approvals from local institutions in the location of the study. This will ensure that the study complies with local regulations, and does not violate any laws in that area, particular with respect to the right to privacy.

Informed Consent

Confidentiality

Other Concerns in Research

Transparency

Reproducibility

Data Security

Publication

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